{"id":2265,"date":"2026-03-10T06:00:16","date_gmt":"2026-03-10T06:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zhhmarinefender.com\/?p=2265"},"modified":"2026-03-10T06:00:16","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T06:00:16","slug":"maintain-foam-filled-fenders","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zhhmarinefender.com\/fr\/maintain-foam-filled-fenders\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment entretenir des ailes remplies de mousse ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pour garder d\u00e9fenses marines en mousse<\/a><\/strong> Pour les maintenir en bon \u00e9tat, il est n\u00e9cessaire de v\u00e9rifier tous les trois mois l'\u00e9tat de leur rev\u00eatement, d'enlever les d\u00e9bris et de les prot\u00e9ger des rayons UV en appliquant une nouvelle couche de polyur\u00e9thane. Nettoyez-les avec de l'eau et un savon doux, en \u00e9vitant les nettoyeurs haute pression et les produits chimiques agressifs. Tenez-les \u00e9loign\u00e9es des objets pointus et, si besoin, utilisez des filets de protection pour pneus.<\/p>\n

Pourquoi l'entretien est important<\/h2>\n

Les pare-battages remplis de mousse sont con\u00e7us pour r\u00e9sister \u00e0 des conditions extr\u00eames. Ils sont expos\u00e9s quotidiennement \u00e0 l'eau sal\u00e9e, aux rayons UV et \u00e0 des chocs m\u00e9caniques r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s. Leur dur\u00e9e de vie et leurs performances d\u00e9pendent de leur entretien.<\/p>\n

Le tableau ci-dessous compare les ailes entretenues et celles qui ne le sont pas. Les donn\u00e9es proviennent de PIANC (2002) et de nos dossiers de service internes (2015-2025, n = 240 unit\u00e9s).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Indicateur de performance<\/td>\nGarde-boue entretenu<\/td>\nGarde-boue non entretenu<\/td>\nSource<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dur\u00e9e de vie pr\u00e9vue<\/td>\n18 \u00e0 25 ans<\/td>\n10 \u00e0 15 ans<\/td>\nPIANC 2002, Tableau 4.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R\u00e9tention d'absorption d'\u00e9nergie (apr\u00e8s 5 ans)<\/td>\n90% ou sup\u00e9rieur<\/td>\n60 \u00e0 75%<\/td>\nessai de type ISO 17357<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
affection cutan\u00e9e<\/td>\nLisse, sans fissures<\/td>\nFissur\u00e9 ou piqu\u00e9<\/td>\nNiveau visuel VGS-3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fr\u00e9quence des r\u00e9parations d'urgence<\/td>\nTous les 7 \u00e0 10 ans<\/td>\nTous les 3 \u00e0 4 ans<\/td>\nEnregistrements Zhonghaihang (n=240)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Note concernant les dur\u00e9es de vie\u00a0: Les valeurs indiqu\u00e9es ci-dessus sont bas\u00e9es sur les recommandations de la PIANC relatives \u00e0 la conception des syst\u00e8mes de d\u00e9fense (2002). Elles repr\u00e9sentent les performances typiques en conditions normales d\u2019utilisation. La dur\u00e9e de vie r\u00e9elle d\u00e9pend de l\u2019environnement d\u2019installation, du type de navire et de la fr\u00e9quence d\u2019entretien. Les r\u00e9sultats individuels peuvent varier.<\/p>\n

\"Pourquoi<\/p>\n

Guide d'entretien \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape<\/h2>\n

Les \u00e9tapes ci-dessous s'appliquent aux d\u00e9fenses standard remplies de mousse avec \u00e2me en mousse EVA ou PE et rev\u00eatement ext\u00e9rieur en polyur\u00e9thane ou polyur\u00e9e. D\u00e9fenses pneumatiques et d\u00e9fenses pleines Les garde-boues en caoutchouc ont des exigences d'entretien diff\u00e9rentes<\/a><\/strong>. Consultez la fiche technique du produit correspondant pour ces types de produits.<\/p>\n

\u00c9tape 1 : Rassemblez vos fournitures<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • Brosse \u00e0 poils souples ou brosse de lavage de voiture (rigidit\u00e9 des poils max 0,3 mm)<\/li>\n
  • D\u00e9tergent neutre (pH 6 \u00e0 8). Ne pas utiliser d'eau de Javel ni de nettoyants alcalins puissants.<\/li>\n
  • Nettoyeur basse pression (80 bars max.) ou tuyau d'arrosage standard<\/li>\n
  • Deux \u00e0 trois chiffons en microfibre<\/li>\n
  • Graisse au lithium de qualit\u00e9 marine pour quincaillerie (r\u00e9sistante \u00e0 la corrosion)<\/li>\n
  • Avertissement\u00a0: n\u2019utilisez jamais de nettoyants \u00e0 base de solvants. Le polyur\u00e9thane est sensible aux solvants organiques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u00c9tape 02\u00a0: Rincer le garde-boue<\/h3>\n
      \n
    • Rincez toute la surface \u00e0 l'eau claire.<\/li>\n
    • Portez une attention particuli\u00e8re aux zones autour des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de fixation. Le sel s'y accumule.<\/li>\n
    • Maintenez la pression de l'eau en dessous de 80 bars. Le lavage \u00e0 haute pression endommage la couche externe.<\/li>\n
    • Laissez tremper le garde-boue pendant 3 \u00e0 5 minutes. Cela ramollit les cristaux de sel avant le frottement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u00c9tape 03\u00a0: Nettoyer la surface ext\u00e9rieure<\/h3>\n
        \n
      • Diluer le d\u00e9tergent neutre selon les instructions sur l'\u00e9tiquette (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement 1:20 avec de l'eau).<\/li>\n
      • Frottez avec la brosse douce en effectuant des mouvements circulaires.<\/li>\n
      • Travaillez par petites sections d'environ 0,5 m\u00e8tre carr\u00e9. Cela emp\u00eache le savon de s\u00e9cher avant le rin\u00e7age.<\/li>\n
      • Rincez abondamment \u00e0 l'eau claire, de haut en bas. Assurez-vous qu'il ne reste aucun r\u00e9sidu de savon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u00c9tape 4\u00a0: S\u00e9cher et prot\u00e9ger<\/h3>\n
          \n
        • Essuyez l'eau stagnante avec un chiffon en microfibre.<\/li>\n
        • D\u00e9placez le garde-boue dans un endroit ombrag\u00e9 et a\u00e9r\u00e9 pour le laisser s\u00e9cher \u00e0 l'air libre.<\/li>\n
        • Ne pas exposer directement au soleil \u00e0 une temp\u00e9rature sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 40 degr\u00e9s Celsius. Le polyur\u00e9thane vieillit plus vite \u00e0 haute temp\u00e9rature.<\/li>\n
        • Une fois sec, appliquez une cire UV silicone \u00e0 base d'eau si vous en avez une. \u00c9vitez les produits \u00e0 base d'huile.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \"Guide<\/p>\n

          \u00c9tape 05\u00a0: Examiner la peau externe<\/h3>\n
            \n
          • Effectuez cette inspection \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re naturelle.<\/li>\n
          • Travaillez par sections sur toute la surface. V\u00e9rifiez syst\u00e9matiquement chaque zone.<\/li>\n
          • Utilisez le tableau de classification des d\u00e9fauts ci-dessous pour classer ce que vous constatez.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Tableau de classification des d\u00e9fauts cutan\u00e9s\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            Type de d\u00e9faut<\/strong><\/td>\nMineur (continuer l'utilisation)<\/strong><\/td>\nMod\u00e9r\u00e9 (plan de r\u00e9paration)<\/strong><\/td>\nGrave (mise hors service)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            fissures superficielles<\/td>\nProfondeur inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 1 mm, longueur inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 50 mm<\/td>\nProfondeur de 1 \u00e0 3 mm, ou longueur de 50 \u00e0 200 mm<\/td>\nProfondeur sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 3 mm, ou fissure atteignant le noyau en mousse<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Usure de surface<\/td>\nSurface polie, sans perte de mati\u00e8re<\/td>\n\u00c9paisseur r\u00e9duite de moins de 30%<\/td>\n\u00c9paisseur r\u00e9duite de plus de 30%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Points faibles<\/td>\nReprend sa forme initiale imm\u00e9diatement lorsqu'on appuie dessus.<\/td>\nLe retour \u00e0 la normale prend plus de 5 secondes<\/td>\nAucun rebond, ni bruit d'eau entendu \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            corrosion des pi\u00e8ces<\/td>\nFilm d'oxyde superficiel, se nettoie normalement<\/td>\nPr\u00e9sence de piq\u00fbres, mais le mat\u00e9riel fonctionne toujours.<\/td>\nCorrosion s\u00e9v\u00e8re affectant la r\u00e9sistance structurelle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \u00c9tape 06\u00a0: Inspection et entretien du mat\u00e9riel<\/h3>\n
              \n
            • V\u00e9rifiez tous les \u0153illets pivotants, les maillons de la cha\u00eene et les boulons de fixation.<\/li>\n
            • Enlever la rouille superficielle \u00e0 l'aide d'une brosse m\u00e9tallique. Appliquer une nouvelle couche de graisse au lithium de qualit\u00e9 marine.<\/li>\n
            • V\u00e9rifiez le couple de serrage des boulons par rapport aux sp\u00e9cifications d'installation. Les boulons M16 n\u00e9cessitent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement un couple de serrage de 110 \u00e0 130 Nm.<\/li>\n
            • Remplacez les pi\u00e8ces si la corrosion a r\u00e9duit leur section de plus de 20%. \u00c0 ce stade, les r\u00e9parations ne sont pas s\u00fbres.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u00c9tape 07\u00a0: Mise \u00e0 jour du registre de maintenance<\/h3>\n
                \n
              • Chaque pare-chocs doit avoir son propre registre. Consignez la date de l'inspection, les constatations, les mesures prises et le nom de l'inspecteur.<\/li>\n
              • Prenez des photos sous le m\u00eame angle chaque ann\u00e9e. Cela permet de suivre facilement l'\u00e9volution du vieillissement cutan\u00e9.<\/li>\n
              • Lorsque le garde-boue atteint 15 ans, faites-le tester par un professionnel. Le r\u00e9sultat vous permettra de d\u00e9cider s'il faut continuer \u00e0 l'utiliser ou le remplacer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \"Entretenir<\/p>\n

                Liste de contr\u00f4le du calendrier d'entretien et d'inspection<\/h2>\n

                Le calendrier ci-dessous est bas\u00e9 sur le chapitre 7 des directives PIANC 2002 relatives \u00e0 la conception des syst\u00e8mes de d\u00e9fense. Un contr\u00f4le trimestriel a \u00e9t\u00e9 ajout\u00e9 pour les environnements \u00e0 forte exposition, tels que les zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res tropicales pr\u00e9sentant des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s de sel et d'UV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                Fr\u00e9quence<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u00e2che principale<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00c9l\u00e9ments cl\u00e9s \u00e0 v\u00e9rifier<\/strong><\/td>\nTemps par Fender<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Hebdomadaire<\/td>\nPassage visuel<\/td>\nDommages \u00e9vidents, d\u00e9placement, quincaillerie desserr\u00e9e<\/td>\n2 \u00e0 3 minutes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Mensuel<\/td>\nNettoyer et inspecter<\/td>\nAccumulation de sel, algues, fissures, zones us\u00e9es<\/td>\n20 \u00e0 30 minutes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Trimestriel<\/td>\nInspection approfondie<\/td>\nTest d'\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 \u00e0 l'eau, couple de serrage des boulons, mise \u00e0 jour des donn\u00e9es<\/td>\n45 \u00e0 60 minutes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Annuellement<\/td>\n\u00c9valuation compl\u00e8te<\/td>\n\u00c9valuation des performances, comparaison de photos, bilan de vie<\/td>\nEnviron 2 heures<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                Liste de contr\u00f4le d'inspection mensuelle (imprimable)\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                \u00c9l\u00e9ment d'inspection<\/b><\/strong><\/td>\nStatut (OK \/ Action requise \/ N\/A)<\/b><\/strong><\/td>\nNotes<\/b><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Aucune nouvelle fissure ni entaille profonde sur la surface ext\u00e9rieure<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Aucune d\u00e9lamination ni ampoule de la peau externe<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Aucune prolif\u00e9ration importante d'algues ou de balanes en surface<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Nettoyage termin\u00e9. Aucun r\u00e9sidu de savon.<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Les \u0153illets pivotants tournent librement sans se bloquer.<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Les boulons de fixation sont bien serr\u00e9s. Il n'en manque aucun.<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Les pi\u00e8ces m\u00e9talliques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 regraiss\u00e9es avec un lubrifiant de qualit\u00e9 marine.<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                La forme de l'aile est normale. Aucune d\u00e9formation permanente n'est visible.<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                La surface reprend sa forme de mani\u00e8re uniforme sous la pression. Aucun point faible n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9tect\u00e9.<\/td>\n <\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                Rapport de maintenance mis \u00e0 jour (date, constatations, nom de l'inspecteur)<\/td>\n <\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                \"Liste<\/p>\n

                Conclusion<\/h2>\n

                Les d\u00e9fenses remplies de mousse repr\u00e9sentent un investissement durable. Elles prot\u00e8gent les navires et les structures portuaires lors de chaque man\u0153uvre d'accostage. Avec un entretien ad\u00e9quat, elles peuvent assurer une performance fiable pendant 20 ans, voire plus.<\/p>\n

                La cl\u00e9, c'est la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9. Un contr\u00f4le hebdomadaire ne prend que quelques minutes. Un nettoyage et des inspections mensuels permettent d'\u00e9viter que de petits probl\u00e8mes ne se transforment en pannes co\u00fbteuses. Les \u00e9valuations annuelles indiquent pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment l'\u00e9tat de chaque aile au cours de sa dur\u00e9e de vie.<\/p>\n

                Questions fr\u00e9quemment pos\u00e9es<\/h2>\n

                Que se passe-t-il pour le navire si un pare-battage n'est pas correctement entretenu\u00a0?<\/h3>\n

                Une fissure dans la couche ext\u00e9rieure permet \u00e0 l'\u00e2me en mousse d'absorber l'eau. La mousse humide absorbe moins d'\u00e9nergie. Selon le mod\u00e8le \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique de la norme ISO 17357, une diminution de 15% de la densit\u00e9 de la mousse augmente la force de r\u00e9action maximale d'environ 20 \u00e0 25%. Cela signifie que le pare-battage exerce une pression plus forte sur la coque lors des man\u0153uvres d'accostage. \u00c0 terme, cela accro\u00eet le risque d'endommagement du rev\u00eatement de la coque et de contraintes structurelles.<\/p>\n

                En quoi l'entretien diff\u00e8re-t-il pour les ailes pneumatiques par rapport aux ailes remplies de mousse\u00a0?<\/h3>\n

                Les d\u00e9fenses pneumatiques (conformes \u00e0 la norme ISO 17357-1) n\u00e9cessitent des contr\u00f4les de pression r\u00e9guliers, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement entre 50 et 80 kPa. Les d\u00e9fenses remplies de mousse (conformes \u00e0 la norme ISO 17357-2) ne requi\u00e8rent pas de surveillance de la pression. Pour ces derni\u00e8res, la maintenance se concentre sur l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 du rev\u00eatement ext\u00e9rieur et l'\u00e9tat des fixations. Ce guide traite exclusivement des d\u00e9fenses remplies de mousse.<\/p>\n

                Quel est le produit nettoyant le plus s\u00fbr pour la peau ?<\/h3>\n

                Utilisez un d\u00e9tergent neutre dont le pH se situe entre 6 et 8. \u00c9vitez les bases fortes comme l'hydroxyde de sodium, qui hydrolyse les liaisons ur\u00e9thane du polyur\u00e9thane. \u00c9vitez l'eau de Javel (hypochlorite de sodium), qui oxyde les cha\u00eenes polym\u00e8res. \u00c9vitez les solvants organiques comme l'ac\u00e9tone, qui provoquent le gonflement du mat\u00e9riau. En cas de doute sur un produit, testez-le d'abord sur une petite zone discr\u00e8te.<\/p>\n

                Est-il prudent de continuer \u00e0 utiliser un pare-chocs pr\u00e9sentant des infiltrations d'eau ?<\/h3>\n

                Une l\u00e9g\u00e8re humidit\u00e9 en bordure (prise de poids inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 5% par rapport au poids \u00e0 sec) peut attendre la prochaine inspection. Si la prise de poids d\u00e9passe 10% ou si des zones molles sont pr\u00e9sentes, mettez le garde-boue hors service. La mousse satur\u00e9e d'eau perd de son efficacit\u00e9 d'absorption d'\u00e9nergie. En climat froid, le gel de l'eau \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur de la mousse peut provoquer une rupture interne.<\/p>\n

                Quand vaut-il mieux remplacer une aile plut\u00f4t que de la r\u00e9parer\u00a0?<\/h3>\n

                Envisagez le remplacement lorsque l'une des conditions suivantes est remplie, selon les crit\u00e8res de remplacement de la section 8.2 de la PIANC 2002\u00a0:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Le garde-boue a plus de 15 ans et l'absorption d'\u00e9nergie a diminu\u00e9 de plus de 20% lors des tests.<\/li>\n
                • Les dommages cutan\u00e9s couvrent plus de 30% de la surface totale et les co\u00fbts de r\u00e9paration d\u00e9passent 40% d'une unit\u00e9 neuve.<\/li>\n
                • Le mat\u00e9riel \u00e9choue \u00e0 un test de recertification structurelle en raison de la corrosion.<\/li>\n
                • Le noyau en mousse s'est d\u00e9form\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on permanente et l'\u00e9cart de forme de la section transversale d\u00e9passe 10%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  To keep foam fenders marine in good shape, you need to check them every three months for skin damage, remove 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